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Hypothermia in clinical practice

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25879979-2023-01-01
Issue: 
1
Year: 
2023

V.P. Kutsenko(1), D.D. Kovaleva(1), V.I. Pusina(2), O.M. Lustina(2), P.V. Seliverstov(2),
1-St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia of the Russian Federation, 194100, St.Petersburg, st. Lithuanian, d.2
2-Physicians Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov MO RF St. Petersburg, 194175 Akademika Lebedeva St., 6.
e-mail: [email protected]

Hypothermia or cold injury is a fairly common occurrence. The number of frostbite and cold injury varies annually in the regions of Russia and is directly related to the peculiarities of the local climate. In cities with a temperate climate, cold injury makes up no more than 1% of the total structure of injuries, while in the Far North it reaches 6-10%, being a characteristic problem for this area. The pathogenesis of frostbite is complex and diverse. Due to cold exposure, hemorheology disorders occur in the affected segments, persistent endothelial dysfunction is formed with changes in peripheral innervation in the focus of alteration and perifocally, which leads to thrombosis and necrosis of the affected limb tissues. Basic help algorithm: 1. To ensure transportation to a warm room, active outdoor warming, i.e. to cover with a heat-insulating blanket, in the absence of offer the usual. 2. Offer warm water in a small amount for hypovolemia 3. Warm infusions with isotonic solutions of crystalloids. 4. Warming should be started from the trunk, not from the limbs, to avoid collapse. 5. Hemodialysis, used only in a hospital setting.
Keywords: 
hypothermia
cold
frostbite
cold injury
help.

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